How Caer March should have been constructedBecause I am a geek. I’ve been scrutinizing the web for Iron Age hillfort reconstructions and have finally come to the conclusion that Caer March, the way we have portrayed it in the rp of The Vale of the White Horse, really isn’t right. At all.
Of course, a ‘hillfort’ is way too deceiving in the first place, because I rather think of a castle-like fort on the top of the hill. At least we’ve still got the hill-part correct. The way I see it, we have constructed Caer March like this:
Coming up the hill, there’s an entrance gate – probably not the only one but definitely the biggest – leading into a courtyard which may be square or round. Left and right are several smaller buildings; there’s a granary, stables, the round washing room, a smithy and at least a few workshops, one of which is now Morcant’s for wood. But this is a small and rather desolate place, so it wouldn’t have much more than the bare necessities and I cannot think of anything else there might be in the closest vicinity of the actual home. So then there is the entrance into the caer itself. First, a hallway, leading up to different parts of the interior, the main route probably going straight to the Great Hall, which has a higher platform with several tables for dining, then a lower part for lounging and conferencing. This would be were the tapestries hang, where Marcus Iulius usurped Tudwrig’s stool and where Rufus didn’t but still usurped his power.
Of the next greatest importance are Briallen’s and Tudwrig’s rooms or the “family quarters”, even though they are quite a bit apart from each other. Tudwrig’s tower would be on the far end, looking over the figure of the white horse below. Some other parts are described as well, like the private room close to the Great Hall, the kitchen, a room where Braegne stored the linen and some minor outside places like the garden beneath Briallen’s chambers.
Some unmentioned but assumed places are the pastures and fields just outside the caer, perhaps on the other side of the settlement, where they keep their livestock and crops.
If not a castle, this is at least the layout of a keep. But this is probably far too medieval and we’re talking about an
Iron Age construction here.
Well. Technically, the celtic Iron Age
ended with the Roman invasion, or that’s what read yesterday. So technically, this might be considered the very, very early stages of the Dark Ages, however – it’s only been a few years since the Romans really got as far as Dobunni territory, even though the Dobunni surrendered to them even before they actually arrived.
So below is a construction of what
I think Caer March should initially have looked like. But there are complications, of course. I read about Iron Age settlements that finally were deserted once a Roman town was built in close vicinity. And in sub-Roman Britain, there were plenty of rich villa’s spread around. Is or isn’t this the Romano-British culture we’re writing about?
It is, of course, in the strictest sense, especially considering the Dobunni who adapted to Romano-British style as soon as the first Roman stepped over the hills. And yet it is obviously not, since things are only starting to get moving towards that change and Caer March has really been around since the Bronze Age.
Another impossibility is the initial lack of settlement around the caer. Or well, I suppose it is possible, but strange if you look at the layout below. No wonder Briallen thought it was spooky – it must have looked like a ghost town.
Roundhouses obviously, but only a
few, since Uffington Castle / Caer March is a relatively small place. I’ve seen reconstructions of Maiden Castle, which is the biggest hillfort in Great Britain and you can obviously see that it harboured a large community.
Only one rampart surrounding the whole thing, as opposed to some other hillforts that seemed to have had several trenches and ditches, as well as palisade walls. I don’t know if there’s any evidence of palisade walls on the rampart of Uffington Castle, but for the sake of the story I’m just assuming they’re there, at least when the Roman settlement grows.

1. The chieftain’s roundhouse. I’ve seen an example of a hillfort with a smaller, round place within, like an extra-secluded or fortified place and it seemed to have a rather largish roundhouse surrounded by smaller ones. Taking this example, this should be Tudwrig’s large house, big enough to accommodate several family members (should he have them). The smaller buildings around would be workshops, maybe stables for the livestock or even the houses of his few servants and their own families. Studying roundhouse interiors, it’s obvious that there were hardly any separate rooms, let alone a tower for Tudwrig to hide away in. Briallen’s survival chances just went down to zero, unless one of the smaller houses would have been her own private accommodation.
2. The north east entrance, probably with a gate on the inside of the wall, so that the passage would be through a sort of narrow mouth. Palisade walls seem likely. This is actually a lot closer to the White Horse figure than we seem to assume in the story. Either way, the road here is called the Ridgeway and leads to the hill figure.
3. The dark green shape is actually supposed to be a rampart with a deepish trench. I made them dark green, but in reality there would have been an absence of grass, quite like the horse figure, and the white chalk lines would have been a prominent sight in the landscape.
4. A few roundhouses, each large enough to harbour a family. Roundhouses usually seemed to have had drainage trenches around them, and maybe even a garden. But, in the case of Caer March, they were probably unoccupied. Or maybe there weren’t there at all until the Romans came.
5. Fields. Most hillforts seemed to have been made up largely from fields. Especially in the case of the Dobunni, who were farmers and craftsmen, agriculture would have been the main source of living. But again, most of these would probably have been hardly more than wasteland upon Briallen’s arrival.
6. Livestock, cattle. There would have been some, as mentioned in the story. Probably cows, oxen, sheep, chickens and swines. There were definitely some dogs around and also horses. No cats.
The story assumed that the Romans decided to build a settlement so close that it brushed against the hillfort
and the White Horse. This seems fairly reasonably within the setting of an actual castle, but seeing as this hillfort-structure is nothing but a fortified settlement in its own right, I’m thinking it would have made more sense for them to start building inside the walls. Then again, Maiden Castle grew uninhabited when a nearby Roman town was build.
Anyway, the Roman settlement should have looked somewhat like this:

Again, a palisade wall (though with no obvious entrances, but that’s just my fault), so close to the White Horse that Briallen rightly remarked that they had no permission to build even an inch closer because that was holy ground.
On a whole, it looks like a nonsensical construction to me.
1. The Dobunni quarter, or the roundhouses in Celtic Iron Age style, generally huddling close to the wall. This is, of course, where Essylt and Morcant have made their new home, close to the exit of 2.
2. The entrance/exit of the Roman settlement, though probably one less often used. It leads directly up the hill and to the White Horse, the Blowing Stone. After that, the hill grows into the forest where Essylt and Morcant initially emerged from. The road to Wayland’s Smithy, by the way, is in the opposite direction, so Briallen and Tudwrig crossing the White Horse on their way to it makes no sense at all.
3. The red blots are the Roman villa’s, which are so alien to Briallen. And really, I have no idea how the Roman settlers would have built their houses, or in what shape and order they may have been constructed. The largest blot – that is, house – directly underneath the number 3, is Rufus’ own villa, or so I imagine.
4. The story mentioned a market square, where Rhywallon spotted Marcus Iulius in the early stages of the building of the settlement, and where Essylt first saw a glimple of Udd Wyll. I dunno, logic tells me it would probably have been somewhere in the middle, but who knows? I’m thinking that workshops might be build there rather than the villa’s.
5. This is the Stuff Outside the Settlement and I don’t really know. Likely another entrance here. Maybe this is where Higueid trapped Gwenllian (and Higueid was trapped by Rufus), though my instincts tell me that was actually closer to the original rampart of the hillfort. And even then, dragging the whole body across the hill of the White Horse, to burn it at the endge of the forest, seems inefficient and illogical. And since that does not describe Rhywallon at all, this is yet another hint that the whole construction is faulty. Damn.